scholarly journals Chart XIII. The Relation of the Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Electricity to the Other Meteorological Elements

1905 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. c13-c13
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meteorological Elements

scholarly journals V. Atmospheric electricity potential gradient at Kew Observatory, 1898 to 1912

1915 ◽  
Vol 215 (523-537) ◽  
pp. 133-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Meteorological Elements

In a previous paper, called E 1 for brevity, I discussed the results obtained for the diurnal variation of the potential gradient of atmospheric electricity at Kew Observatory from 1898 to 1904. The present paper deals with the same subject, but employs data from the fifteen years 1898 to 1912. The earlier period of seven years, though longer than that available at most observatories, was too short to give a satisfactorily representative presentation of some of the phenomena. To obtain results fairly characteristic of the locality many years data are required of some of the meteorological elements, especially barometric pressure and rainfall. For the latter element, in fact, a considerably longer period is desirable than that available even now for potential gradient at Kew. The same may be true of potential gradient itself, but various reasons exist for not waiting longer. Owing to building operations, the electrograph results for 1913 were exposed to special uncertainties. Also the transfer of the electrograph from the position it has occupied since 1898 is now in contemplation. Thus 1912 may be regarded as ending an epoch. Another reason requires fuller explanation. The Kew water-dropper—the earliest it is believed in regular operation—was erected in 1861 under Lord Kelvin’s personal supervision. The original electrometer and batteries as they decayed were replaced by others, but the instrument remained essentially unchanged in its original site until 1896. Of the records obtained prior to that date those of only three years had been discussed, two years, 1862 to 1864, by Prof. J. D. Everett, and one year, 1880, by Mr. G. M Whipple. In both cases the results were expressed in what were really arbitrary units. The relation between the voltage shown by the instrument and the true potential gradient in the open was altogether unknown.

Diagnostic Significance of Vegetative Symptoms in Depression

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davidson ◽  
Craig D. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Loss Of Libido ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

The diagnostic importance of vegetative symptoms for melancholia was examined through DSM-III, the Newcastle Scale, and Extracted Criteria for melancholia. Statistically significant differences were diagnostically unimpressive in the case of DSM-III and the Newcastle criteria. With the Extracted Criteria, initial insomnia, early waking, anorexia, weight loss, loss of libido, and worsened mood in the morning were all significantly more common in melancholia than in non-melancholic depression, while increased appetite was more common in non-melancholia. Only diurnal variation of mood (worse in the morning) showed predictive value for melancholia; whereas the other traditional vegetative symptoms (disturbed sleep, weight, and libido) did not. Increased appetite and diurnal variation of mood (worse in the evening) were predictive for non-melancholia.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations of CO2 Mixing Ratio in the Lower Atmosphere by Three Wavelength DIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Yasukuni Shibata ◽  
Chikao Nagasawa ◽  
Makoto Abo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Other Hand

We have conducted the measurement of high accurate CO2 mixing ratio profiles by measuring the temperature profiles simultaneously using the three wavelength CO2 DIAL. The measurements of CO2 diurnal variation in the lower atmosphere were carried out on sunny and cloudy days respectively. We find out that increasing of the CO2 mixing ratio occurs over the altitude of about 2 km from the surface during nighttime. On the other hand, the CO2 mixing ratio decreases over the lower atmosphere during daytime. In particular, the CO2 mixing ratio decreases earlier on sunny days than on cloudy days after sunrise. This result suggests that CO2 absorption by photosynthesis greatly contributes to the strength of the solar radiation.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Three Gap Filling Techniques for Eddy Covariance Net Carbon Fluxes in Short Vegetation Ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Zhao ◽  
Yao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Filling Method

Missing data is an inevitable problem when measuring CO2, water, and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere by eddy covariance systems. To find the optimum gap-filling method for short vegetations, we review three-methods mean diurnal variation (MDV), look-up tables (LUT), and nonlinear regression (NLR) for estimating missing values of net ecosystem CO2exchange (NEE) in eddy covariance time series and evaluate their performance for different artificial gap scenarios based on benchmark datasets from marsh and cropland sites in China. The cumulative errors for three methods have no consistent bias trends, which ranged between −30 and +30 mgCO2 m−2from May to October at three sites. To reduce sum bias in maximum, combined gap-filling methods were selected for short vegetation. The NLR or LUT method was selected after plant rapidly increasing in spring and before the end of plant growing, and MDV method was used to the other stage. The sum relative error (SRE) of optimum method ranged between −2 and +4% for four-gap level at three sites, except for 55% gaps at soybean site, which also obviously reduced standard deviation of error.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL EVALUATION, REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM MINING IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
Nikolay Dolchinkov ◽  
T. A. Paramonova
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Radioactive Background ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Meteorological elements affecting radioactive contamination of the environment, each indicator has a different weight in the formation of the radioactive background. The strongest influence on the spread of radioactive contamination have winds. Influenced also different rainfall and the permeability of the atmospheric layer to solar radiation reaching us. The other meteorological components have a negligible impact on the spread of radioactive rays, particles and isotopes and therefore in further research we will ignore them and will not recognize their influence on climate radioactive background. In the analysis of meteorological elements that influence the spread of radioactive particles and radioactive isotopes in Bulgaria are mainly analyzed winds and air currents that form in the airspace over Bulgaria. These are the main weather elements that most influence the climate of the radioactive background. Another element that influences is precipitation in its various manifestations - horizontal and vertical type and depending on the physical condition of the water. The other meteorological elements because of their vile influence of the radiation situation will exclude them from the factors shaping the natural indicators of the state of the atmosphere, water and pochvata.Analizat is made on the basis of detailed statistics on the direction and strength of the wind and air currents over the territory of Bulgaria in the last 30 years. In addition to daily data for the period after 2009 have used aggregated figures on the direction and strength of winds, and near the concerned areas and over throughout our country and in adjacent border areas. This data is used for a period of 20 years, which is enough to capture the trends of change of atmospheric masses and neighboring aquatic and terrestrial surfaces. I must point out that monitoring of air masses over the past 25 years gives us only the main trends and directions, but as we all know, these processes are too dynamic and not subject to cyclic steady repetition and prediction. So at the same time made extensive research and data processing should not disable the constant monitoring of our environment and its parametri.Kato main potential sources of radioactive contamination are discussed nuclear power in Europe. In analyzing the results of the forecast movements of air masses and spreading radioactive particles consequently observed that apart from the NPP "Kozloduy" and adjacent to Bulgaria Kozloduy "Black Water" at different intervals of time radioactive contamination may occur and result of an accident in other NPPs in Europe.

scholarly journals On a new analytical expression for the representation of the components of the diurnal variation of terrestrial magnetism

1913 ◽  
Vol 88 (602) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Magnetic Effect ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Meteorological Elements

In an enquiry as to the cause or causes that contribute to daily or seasonal change of a periodic character in any observational quantity, the primary step is the determination of a simple and comprehensive expression for the dominant features of the phenomenon. The periodic character of the variations of an element of terrestrial magnetic effect, such as declination, horizontal force, or the equivalent geographical components of force, is evident on almost every daily record obtained. When the hourly values are set out and properly cleared from non-periodic change (a problem of considerable subtlety), the historic method is to compute the Courier harmonic components. Another method that appears to possess great power is that so successfully carried out by Dr. W. N. Shaw in representing the daily and seasonal changes of meteorological elements by means of " isopleths."

scholarly journals A study of transient variations in the Earth's electromagnetic field at equatorial electrojet latitudes in western Africa (Mali and the Ivory Coast)

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vassal ◽  
M. Menvielle ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
M. Dukhan ◽  
V. Doumouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Equatorial Electrojet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Effect ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Magnetic Signature ◽  
Transient Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. In the framework of the French-Ivorian participation to the IEEY, a network of 10 electromagnetic stations were installed at African longitudes. The aim of this experiment was twofold: firstly, to study the magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet on the one hand, and secondly, to characterize the induced electric field variations on the other hand. The first results of the magnetic field investigations were presented by Doumouya and coworkers. Those of the electric field experiment will be discussed in this study. The electromagnetic experiment will be described. The analysis of the electromagnetic transient variations was conducted in accordance with the classical distinction between quiet and disturbed magnetic situations. A morphological analysis of the recordings is given, taking into consideration successively quiet and disturbed magnetic situations, with the results interpreted in terms of the characterization of external and internal sources. Particular attention was paid to the effects of the source characteristics on the induced field of internal origin, and to the bias they may consequently cause to the results of electromagnetic probing of the Earth; the source effect in electromagnetic induction studies. During quiet magnetic situations, our results demonstrated the existence of two different sources. One of these, the SRE source, was responsible for most of the magnetic diurnal variation and corresponded to the well-known magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet. The other source (the SR*E source) was responsible for most of the electric diurnal variation, and was also likely to be an ionospheric source. Electric and magnetic diurnal variations are therefore related to different ionospheric sources, and interpreting the electric diurnal variation as induced by the magnetic field diurnal variation is not relevant. Furthermore, the magnetotelluric probing of the upper mantle at dip equator latitudes with the electromagnetic diurnal variation is consequently impossible to perform. In the case of irregular variations, the source effect related to the equatorial electrojet is also discussed. A Gaussian model of equatorial electrojet was considered, and apparent resistivities were computed for two models of stratified Earth corresponding to the average resistive structure of the two tectonic provinces crossed by the profile: a sedimentary basin and a cratonic shield. The apparent resistivity curves were found to depend significantly on both the model used and the distance to the center of the electrojet. These numerical results confirm the existence of a daytime source effect related to the equatorial electrojet. Furthermore, we show that the results account for the observed differences between daytime and night-time apparent resistivity curves. In particular, it was shown that electromagnetic probing of the Earth using the classical Cagniard-Tikhonov magnetotelluric method is impossible with daytime recordings made at dip latitude stations.Key words. Electromagnetics (Transient and time do- main) Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (geomagne- tic induction) Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere)

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of Air Pollution Characteristics in Jiangsu Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rong Song ◽  
Liumei Yang ◽  
Mengyuan Liu ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Yanrong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Following the deepening of climate change and the increasing industrialization in recent years, the problem of air pollution in cities has become increasingly prominent. Based on the data of air pollutants and meteorological elements in Jiangsu Province, China (2013–2017), we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution. The results show that the air-quality index (AQI) in Jiangsu Province decreased from 2013 to 2017 and the highest AQI is in winter and the lowest in the summer, while its values in coastal cities of Jiangsu are less than those of inland cities. For the temporal distribution of primary pollutants, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO present the same trend under seasonal and monthly time scales, i.e., winter is higher and summer is lower; however, the other secondary pollutant, O3, presents opposite characteristics under the same time scale: it has higher concentration levels in summer and lower in winter. For the spatial distribution, PM2.5 and PM10 are in good concord: the higher values are found in the west of Jiangsu Province and lower in the east. For the spatial distribution of NO2, this presents higher concentrations in south and lower concentrations in north according to the position of Yangzi River, while the distribution of O3 concentration is opposite to that of NO2. The meteorological elements selected are related to air pollution, the AQI is significantly negatively correlated with monthly temperature (including average, minimum, and maximum temperatures), monthly average water vapor pressure, monthly precipitation, and monthly sunshine duration; the correlation coefficients are –0.852, –0.846, –0.850, –0.797, –0.727, and –0.599, respectively. As far as the relationships between air pollutions are concerned, there is a significant positive correlation between AQI, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, while O3 is remarkably negatively correlated with other pollutants and AQI. The most prominent correlations are distinguished into two groups: one is AQI, PM2.5, and PM10, with correlation coefficients of 0.876 and 0.966, and the other is SO2, NO2, with correlation coefficient of about 0.9.

scholarly journals On the chemical action of atmospheric electricity

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Oxygen Gas

A kite was raised in an atmosphere which appeared favourable to the exhibition of electrical phenomena, from an apparatus firmly fixed in the earth, and insulated by a glass pillar. The string to which it was affixed contained a double gilt thread, and was let out to a length of five hundred yards. It was connected with a platina tube passing about half way down a glass tube full of a solution of sulphate of soda, coloured with syrup of violets, and inverted in a cup containing the same liquid. A similar wire in another tube, also filled with the coloured solution, was placed in communication with the earth, and the fluids in each made to communicate by a bent glass tube passing from one cup to the other. The result of the experiment was, that hydrogen gas and alkali were developed in the first tube, and oxygen gas and acid in the latter.

Changes in the drift and the settlement of the freshwater mussel Limnoperna fortunei along a headrace channel

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
Takuya Kobayashi ◽  
Isamu Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Limnoperna Fortunei ◽  
Downstream Distance ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Nuisance Species ◽  
Supply Systems

The nuisance species Limnoperna fortunei is a freshwater mussel whose infestations have harmed water intake facilities, such as water supply systems. We investigated the changes in the drift and the settlement of L. fortunei along a headrace channel. The densities of the drift and the settlement both decreased dramatically with the downstream distance from the L. fortunei source (a reservoir). In comparison with larval densities in the reservoir, drift densities decreased by 10 to 25% at 0.5 km downstream from the reservoir, and were less than 2% at sites more than 4.8 km downstream. Although larval densities at midnight (0:00–2:00) were approximately 1.5 times higher than those at noon (12:00–14:00) in a shallow layer (3 m depth) of the reservoir, we found no diurnal variation of drift densities in the headrace channel. Settlement densities at the site nearest the intake gate were much higher than those of the other sites further downstream in the headrace channel. The L. fortunei adult population in the channel could reduce drift individuals by attracting the larva. The attraction probably induces the massive aggregation at the location of the channel immediately below the drift source, resulting in biofouling.

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